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The Lean Revolution: How AI Is Creating a New Class of Small Business Owners

Home  /  Blog

Why More Entrepreneurs Are Building Smarter, Leaner Businesses Without Massive Teams or Massive Overhead

A few years ago, starting a business usually meant one thing:

More overhead.

More employees.
More software.
More stress.
More complexity.
More money upfront.

If you wanted to compete with larger companies, you often needed a larger company-sized budget.

That’s changing fast.

And quietly, a new class of small business owners is starting to emerge.

Not necessarily backed by investors.
Not running giant teams.
Not renting huge office spaces.

Just regular people using AI tools and smarter systems to operate faster, leaner, and more efficiently than small businesses could even a few years ago.

A freelance designer suddenly operates like a small agency.
A solo consultant manages marketing without hiring a full-time team.
A one-person online business automates scheduling, communication, and content creation.
A local business owner handles tasks that previously required multiple employees.

And for many entrepreneurs, that shift is creating something increasingly valuable in today’s economy:

Leverage.

AI Isn’t a Gimmick Anymore — It’s Becoming Infrastructure

For a while, AI sounded like something built for giant tech companies with giant budgets.

Now?

It’s becoming part of everyday business operations.

Not necessarily in dramatic, futuristic ways.

More practically.

Business owners are using AI tools to:

  • draft marketing content
  • summarize meetings
  • automate repetitive communication
  • organize workflows
  • answer common customer questions
  • streamline scheduling
  • improve responsiveness
  • reduce administrative workload

Some businesses are even integrating AI into financial workflows:

  • automated invoice matching
  •  receipt OCR scanning
  • transaction categorization
  • bookkeeping assistance
  • reporting summaries

And for small businesses operating under economic pressure, even modest efficiency gains matter.

Because when inflation is squeezing margins and hiring remains expensive, saving five or ten hours a week suddenly has real financial value.

At the same time, businesses should still review AI-generated content and financial outputs carefully. Professional judgment, human oversight, and experienced financial guidance still matter — especially for tax, legal, and strategic business decisions.

The Barrier to Starting a Business Is Quietly Getting Lower

This is one of the biggest shifts happening in the economy right now.

Historically, many people never launched businesses because the startup costs felt overwhelming.

You needed:

  • staff
  • marketers
  • designers
  • office space
  • administrative help
  • operational support
  • expensive software

Today, AI tools are helping smaller businesses operate with fewer resources upfront.

That doesn’t mean AI replaces expertise.

It doesn’t magically create successful businesses overnight.

But it does reduce friction.

And reducing friction changes behavior.

People who may never have considered entrepreneurship before are suddenly realizing:

“I might actually be able to do this.”

One-Person Businesses Are Becoming Surprisingly Powerful

One of the more interesting economic trends right now is the rise of lean businesses generating meaningful revenue without large teams.

In many industries, solo entrepreneurs are now able to:

  • create professional marketing
  • automate communication
  • manage scheduling
  • build websites
  • organize operations
  • create content
  • improve customer responsiveness
  • streamline administrative work

…without hiring multiple full-time employees immediately.

That’s changing the math of entrepreneurship.

A single founder with strong workflows and modern tools can now handle workloads that previously required a much larger support structure.

And in uncertain economic environments, lean operations become incredibly valuable.

But scaling a business to meaningful revenue with very few employees also creates a unique financial challenge many entrepreneurs don’t initially see coming.

A highly profitable solo business operating as a Sole Proprietorship or Single-Member LLC may eventually face significant self-employment tax exposure as income grows.

That’s where many successful solopreneurs suddenly discover:

“Wait… why is my tax bill so high?”

Because as lean businesses scale, tax strategy often needs to evolve alongside the technology stack.

For many growing entrepreneurs, that eventually means exploring more advanced entity structures — such as an S-Corporation election — which may potentially improve tax efficiency as business income increases.

The New Math of Entrepreneurship

Historically, scaling a business meant scaling headcount.
Today, leverage increasingly comes from systems, automation, and operational efficiency.

A single founder with strong workflows and modern tools can now handle workloads that previously required an entire support team.

Economic Pressure Is Accelerating AI Adoption

A lot of small business owners aren’t adopting AI because it feels trendy.

They’re adopting it because they’re under pressure.

Payroll costs are higher.
Consumers are more cautious.
Margins are tighter.
Hiring remains expensive.
And business owners are stretched thin.

So many entrepreneurs are asking:

“How do I stay competitive without dramatically increasing overhead?”

That’s where AI becomes practical.

Not as a replacement for human expertise or relationships.

But as operational support.

The businesses using AI effectively are often using it to:

  • reduce administrative workload
  • improve consistency
  • move faster
  • stay organized
  • automate repetitive tasks
  • support leaner operations

And for smaller businesses, those efficiency gains compound quickly.

AI Is Also Changing What Customers Expect

Consumers are getting used to:

  • faster responses
  • smoother experiences
  • personalized communication
  • easier scheduling
  • quicker turnaround times
  • improved accessibility

Which means businesses operating entirely manually may eventually start feeling slower by comparison.

That doesn’t mean small businesses need to become giant tech companies.

But it does mean operational efficiency increasingly influences customer expectations.

The businesses adapting best are usually combining:

  • human relationships
  • personal expertise
  • strong communication
  • smarter systems
  • operational efficiency

Not replacing the human side of business.

Enhancing it.

The Businesses Winning With AI Usually Approach It Differently

The businesses benefiting most from AI aren’t necessarily the ones trying to automate everything.

They’re usually the ones asking better questions.

Like:

  • “What tasks waste the most time?”
  • “Where are we losing efficiency?”
  • “What repetitive work slows us down?”
  • “How do we improve responsiveness?”
  • “How do we operate leaner without hurting customer experience?”

That’s a much healthier approach than blindly chasing every new AI trend online.

Because successful businesses still need:

  • trust
  • leadership
  • expertise
  • strategy
  • financial discipline
  • strong customer relationships

AI simply becomes another tool that helps support those things.

Smaller Businesses May Actually Benefit the Most

One of the biggest misconceptions about AI is that it only benefits large corporations.

In many ways, smaller businesses may actually benefit the most.

Why?

Because smaller businesses can adapt faster.

They have fewer layers.
Fewer approval processes.
Less operational inertia.

A solo entrepreneur can improve a workflow tomorrow.
A local business can automate repetitive tasks immediately.
A small firm can implement smarter systems without needing enterprise-level infrastructure.

That agility matters.

Especially during uncertain economies.

The Real Advantage Isn’t AI Alone — It’s What Owners Do With It

AI by itself does not create great businesses.

Good decision-making still matters.
Customer trust still matters.
Financial discipline still matters.
Strong service still matters.

But entrepreneurs who combine:

  • expertise
  • adaptability
  • operational efficiency
  • smarter systems
  • financial visibility
  • relationship-building

…with modern AI tools may have a meaningful competitive advantage moving forward.

Especially as economic pressure pushes businesses to do more with less.

Final Thought

AI is not eliminating entrepreneurship.

In many ways, it’s expanding it.

It’s lowering barriers.
Reducing operational friction.
Helping businesses stay lean.
Improving efficiency.
And giving smaller companies access to capabilities that once required much larger teams and budgets.

The result?

A new generation of entrepreneurs building smarter, more adaptable businesses from the very beginning.

Not because technology replaced the human side of business.

But because it helped remove some of the operational weight that used to hold smaller businesses back.

Need Help Building Smarter Financial Systems or Planning for Growth?

As lean, AI-assisted businesses grow, many entrepreneurs eventually discover that operational efficiency alone is not enough — financial visibility and proactive tax planning matter too. A review of your bookkeeping systems, entity structure, cash flow, and tax strategy may help you operate more efficiently while potentially improving long-term profitability as your business scales.

Filed Under: Blog

Trump Accounts officially launched on July 4, 2026. Families who already signed up should confirm that their account has been activated and is ready to receive contributions. Those who have not yet registered can still submit the required election, complete the activation process, and begin funding the account.

The program provides a $1,000 seed contribution for eligible children born between 2025 and 2028. Parents, employers, and certain charitable organizations may also contribute to a child’s account.

The process may be smoother for those who filed IRS Form 4547 with their 2025 tax return than for those who completed only a preliminary web sign-up.

This article explains what to expect after signing up, how to register if you have not yet done so, how to prepare for common identity-verification requirements, and who may open or contribute to an account.

What to Expect from the Treasury and Activation Emails

  • The U.S. Treasury Department sent activation emails in batches ahead of the July 4 launch. If you signed up early, you should have received, or may still receive, an email with instructions to finish activation either in the Trump Accounts mobile app or through the government’s web application.
  • Treasury reported that nearly six million accounts had been opened as of early June, with roughly 1.4 million eligible for the $1,000 seed payment. Because activation was staggered, some families may have received their activation instructions earlier than others. If you are still waiting, check your spam and promotions folders and make sure the contact email associated with your signup is current.
  • The administration is using multiple public-facing sites. The official starting point is TrumpAccounts.gov, which provides links to the Trump Accounts mobile app and the authorized web application. Be careful with look-alike domains and applications. The authorized web app uses TrumpAccount.com, singular, and should be accessed through the official government site when possible.

If You Haven’t Signed Up Yet, Simple First Steps (and a Caution)

  • You Can Still Sign Up. The July 4 launch was not a final enrollment deadline. The formal route is to sign in to your IRS Individual Account with ID.me and complete Form 4547. You can also begin through the official Trump Accounts app or TrumpAccounts.gov.
  • If You Sign Up Now: Expect to complete identity-verification and activation steps before the account is fully established and ready to receive contributions. You can view the status of a submitted Form 4547 through your IRS Individual Account.
  • Tip: Use only official government channels to register and activate the account. Bookmark the official government website and app and ignore look-alike domain names.

Why Form 4547 Filed with Your 2025 Tax Return Simplifies Activation

  • Filing Form 4547 when you filed your 2025 tax return gave the government a direct data match to the child and filer information already on file with the IRS. That pre-existing match may reduce the amount of additional identity verification required at activation.
  • People who filed Form 4547 through their 2025 tax return may be able to activate through the app or government web portal with fewer additional steps because Treasury and the IRS can validate names, Social Security numbers, and dependent relationships against filed returns.
  • The practical result may be fewer identity checks, a lower risk of being delayed during activation, and a reduced chance that individuals abandon the process when asked to provide additional information.

If You Did Not File Form 4547 with Your Tax Return

If you completed only a basic preliminary web sign-up, or you have not signed up at all, you may face additional verification before your account can be activated. Here is a practical step-by-step process to prepare and move through activation efficiently:

1. Check for an Activation Email from Treasury, Then Follow the Official Instructions

  • Treasury previously announced that individuals who had submitted Form 4547 would receive activation emails in phases. If you received an email, follow the instructions to finish setting up the account through the official app or authorized web application.
  • If you do not receive an email, visit the official government site and sign in rather than responding to an unexpected or suspicious message. You should also sign in to your IRS Individual Account to determine whether Form 4547 was submitted and review its status.

2. Create or Confirm an Online IRS Account

  • Individuals who have not submitted Form 4547 can now do so through an IRS Individual Account.
  • Creating an IRS account typically requires personal information used for identity proofing, a secure login, and multifactor authentication.
  • The IRS indicates that the election process generally takes five to 10 minutes. You will need an ID.me account, the child’s Social Security number, and the child’s date of birth and address.

3. Complete Identity Verification Through ID.me

  • Identity verification through ID.me is required to create or access an IRS Individual Account.
  • Typical identity-verification steps may include uploading a driver’s license or passport, taking a live selfie for biometric matching, and providing personal information that can be used to confirm your identity.
  • What to prepare: A clear photo of a government-issued ID, your Social Security number, your current address, and access to the phone number or email address associated with your account. Make sure your driver’s license or state ID is current and readable.

4. Be Prepared for Secondary Requests and Follow-Up

  • If automated verification fails, you may receive requests for additional information or documentation.
  • Keep copies of relevant documents and be ready to respond. If your identity verification or account activation is delayed, contact the official help channel listed in the activation materials rather than an unaffiliated third party.
  • Treasury has established an official Trump Account call center at 1-866-USA-4547. Support is also available through secure in-app and online callback requests. Treasury advises families not to use phone numbers found through general internet search results.

Who Can Open an Account and Who Can Contribute?

The program allows parents, employers, and certain charities to contribute to a child’s Trump Account. Treasury’s materials also allow relatives in certain circumstances to open accounts, but the rules differ depending on the child’s birthdate and whether the child is eligible for the government seed money. Each eligible child is entitled to have only one initial Trump Account.

  • For Babies Born Between 2025 and 2028: For a child to receive the $1,000 seed contribution, the child generally must be the qualifying child of the person making the election. This means grandparents can open an account and opt into the $1,000 seed only when the applicable qualifying-child requirements are satisfied. Dependency status matters when determining who may request the seed on the child’s behalf.
  • For Children Born Before January 1, 2025: Treasury has outlined a hierarchy for available account openers: first a legal guardian, then a parent, then an adult sibling, and then a grandparent. A person lower on the list generally may make the election only if no one with a higher priority is available. Families with unusual custody, dependency, or guardianship arrangements may need additional guidance when determining who is authorized to open the account.
  • Employers: Beginning July 4, 2026, an employer may contribute up to $2,500 per year to the Trump Account of an employee or an employee’s dependent through a qualified Trump Account contribution program. The contribution may be excluded from the employee’s taxable income and counts toward the child’s $5,000 annual contribution limit. Not every employer will offer this benefit, so employees should check with their employer.
  • Charities and Other Third Parties: States, local governments, tribal governments, and certain 501(c)(3) charitable organizations may make qualifying general contributions. Other individuals, including relatives and friends, may also contribute. If you plan to accept or solicit outside contributions, track them carefully.
  • Annual Maximum Contribution: The contribution limit to a Trump Account for each calendar year is generally $5,000 for contributions made before the calendar year in which the child turns 18. Starting after 2027, the contribution limit will be adjusted for inflation. The $1,000 government seed, certain qualified general contributions, and qualifying rollovers do not count toward this annual limit.

The $1,000 Seed: Who Gets It and How It Works

Children born during the 2025 through 2028 eligibility window may receive a $1,000 seed contribution from the federal government once their accounts are established and the eligibility requirements are satisfied.

To qualify, a child generally must:

  • Be born after December 31, 2024, and before January 1, 2029
  • Be a U.S. citizen
  • Have a valid Social Security number
  • Be the qualifying child of the individual making the election
  • Not have had a previous pilot program contribution election processed

Families do not need to contribute their own money to receive the $1,000 seed, and the government deposit does not count toward the account’s $5,000 annual contribution limit.

Now that Trump Accounts are live, eligible children can begin receiving the government contribution after Treasury processes the election and confirms that the account has been opened. Completing Form 4547 and any remaining activation and verification steps promptly will help ensure the money is applied to the correct account.

A Brief Note About the Gift-Tax Filing Requirement

Earlier guidance raised concerns that contributions to Trump Accounts might be treated as future-interest gifts. Because the funds generally are not accessible to the child before age 18, this treatment could have prevented some contributions from qualifying for the annual gift-tax exclusion and potentially required donors to file a gift-tax return.

The IRS has since issued Revenue Procedure 2026-25, which provides a gift-tax reporting safe harbor for certain individual contributions to Trump Accounts.

If the safe-harbor requirements are met, the contributions will be treated as completed gifts that are not gifts of future interests. The annual per-recipient gift-tax exclusion may apply, and the donor generally will not be required to file a gift-tax return solely because of those qualifying contributions.

In practice, very few people are likely to owe gift tax because the lifetime gift and estate tax exclusion is significant. However, families should still consult with a tax professional when contributions exceed the available annual exclusion, the donor is making other gifts to the child, multiple donors are involved, or the safe-harbor requirements may not be satisfied.

A Brief Note About Foster Children

The administration has authorized state, territorial, and tribal child welfare agencies to establish “Fostering the Future Accounts,” which are technically Trump Accounts, for eligible children in foster care.

These accounts provide children in foster care with the same opportunity to receive the $1,000 seed contribution when the applicable requirements are met. If you are a state official or foster caregiver, check the guidance provided by the appropriate child welfare agency regarding how these accounts will be established and who can initiate them.

Final Thoughts

Trump Accounts represent an ambitious new federal effort to encourage long-term savings for children, with a meaningful $1,000 starter contribution for eligible newborns.

Now that the program is live, the focus has shifted from preparing for the July 4 launch to completing activation, confirming eligibility, and deciding whether additional contributions make sense.

The process may be smoother for parents who filed Form 4547 with their 2025 tax return. If you are in the “not yet signed up” camp, do not panic. Register through your IRS Individual Account or the official government site, confirm your ID.me access, and prepare the child’s Social Security number, date of birth, and address.

If you expect others, including grandparents, employers, or charities, to contribute, plan how those contributions will be recorded and consider any gift-tax or state tax implications.

Trump Accounts may provide a valuable starting point, particularly for families eligible for the $1,000 government contribution. However, they may not be the best destination for every additional dollar. Before making substantial contributions, consider how the account fits alongside education savings, retirement planning, other investment accounts, and your family’s need for future financial flexibility.

For questions about eligibility, contributions, tax considerations, or how a Trump Account may fit into a broader financial plan, reach out to us.

The material and contents provided in this article are informative in nature only. They are not intended to be advice, and you should not act specifically on the basis of this information alone. If expert assistance is required, professional advice should be obtained.

Filed Under: Blog

A lot of small business owners are having the same quiet thought right now:

“Something feels… off.”

Not catastrophic.
Not recession headlines every hour.
Not full panic.

Just uncertainty sitting underneath almost everything.

You can feel it in customer conversations. In delayed purchasing decisions. In projects that stay in the proposal stage longer than they used to. In consumers suddenly asking more questions before spending money.

And you can definitely feel it when you look at expenses.

Between higher payroll costs, rising insurance premiums, elevated borrowing rates, fluctuating fuel prices, and consumers carrying more personal debt, many business owners feel like they’re working harder just to maintain the same margins they had a few years ago.

According to the National Federation of Independent Business (NFIB), small business optimism has remained below its 52-year historical average of 98.0, while the NFIB Uncertainty Index has climbed well above historical norms.

In other words?

That uneasy feeling many business owners have right now isn’t imaginary.

It’s measurable.

And business owners are trying to navigate all of it at once:

  • persistent inflation
  • elevated interest rates
  • global instability
  • volatile energy markets
  • shifting consumer behavior
  • tighter household budgets
  • changing technology
  • ongoing regulatory and policy uncertainty

When uncertainty piles up, consumers tend to become more cautious financially.

And small businesses usually feel that shift first.

Inflation Isn’t Just Raising Prices — It’s Changing Consumer Behavior

This is the part many businesses are noticing in real time.

Inflation doesn’t simply make products and services more expensive.

It changes how people think.

Customers hesitate longer before making purchases.
 They comparison shop more aggressively.
 They delay projects.
 They downgrade services.
 They wait for sales.
 They ask for additional estimates before committing.

Even financially stable households are becoming more selective.

And for small businesses, that creates a completely different operating environment than the one many experienced just a few years ago.

Business owners are seeing it everywhere:

  • longer sales cycles
  • reduced impulse spending
  • slower client approvals
  • tighter discretionary budgets
  • increased price sensitivity
  • customers “thinking about it” longer

For businesses operating on tighter margins, those subtle shifts matter enormously.

Because when customer behavior changes, predictability disappears.

The Businesses Struggling Most Right Now Usually Have One Thing in Common

They’re operating without visibility.

Not because they’re bad operators.

Because uncertainty exposes weak systems quickly.

A surprising number of businesses still lack:

  • Accurate monthly bookkeeping to identify shrinking margins before they become dangerous
  • Reliable cash flow forecasting to spot pressure points before cash gets tight
  • Clear pricing analysis to determine whether inflation has quietly eroded profitability
  • Proactive tax planning to avoid expensive surprises later
  • Visibility into debt and operating expenses before they compound into larger problems

And during stronger economic periods, businesses can sometimes survive despite inefficiencies.

In tighter economies?

Those blind spots become dangerous.

Small business cash flow problems rarely appear overnight.
They build quietly in the dark.

A little more credit card usage here.
A delayed receivable there.
Margins are compressing slowly over time.
An unexpected expense landing at the wrong moment.

Until one day, the business owner looks up and realizes:

“We’re generating revenue… so why does it still feel this tight?”

Smart Businesses Aren’t Panicking — They’re Tightening Operations

This is where resilient businesses are separating themselves right now.

Not through flashy growth tactics.
Not through reckless expansion.
And not through fear-driven cost cutting either.

The strongest businesses are becoming more disciplined.

They’re reviewing expenses carefully.
Watching cash flow weekly instead of quarterly.
Improving operational efficiency.
Reducing unnecessary overhead.
Protecting margins.
And making decisions based on data instead of emotion.

That distinction matters.

Because uncertain economies tend to trigger two dangerous reactions:

  1. panic
  2. paralysis

Neither one helps businesses survive.

The healthiest companies are staying flexible without becoming reactive.

Many Small Businesses Are Intentionally Staying Lean

One of the biggest shifts happening right now is that business owners are becoming much more intentional about overhead.

Over the last several years, many businesses have learned difficult lessons about scaling too aggressively during stronger economic cycles.

Hiring too quickly.
Adding unnecessary overhead.
Expanding without strong systems.
Assuming demand would always stay strong.

Now, with borrowing costs higher and margins tighter, many owners are choosing to operate leaner by design:

  • smaller teams
  • outsourced support
  • tighter inventory management
  • more selective marketing spend
  • simplified operations
  • fewer unnecessary software subscriptions

That doesn’t necessarily mean businesses are struggling.

In many cases, it means they’re becoming more financially disciplined.

And discipline matters when markets become less forgiving.

AI Is Quietly Helping Small Businesses Stay Competitive

One of the more interesting shifts happening right now is how many small businesses are using AI tools to offset operational pressure.

Not in some futuristic “replace the workforce” way.

More practically.

Business owners are using AI to:

  • draft marketing content
  • automate repetitive communication
  • organize workflows
  • improve responsiveness
  • summarize meetings
  • streamline administrative tasks
  • reduce time spent on manual work

For businesses facing tighter margins, even modest efficiency gains matter.

Saving five hours a week suddenly has real financial value when hiring remains expensive and consumers are becoming more cautious.

Most businesses aren’t using AI to replace entire teams.

They’re using it to reduce unnecessary operational friction while staying competitive.

And in uncertain economies, efficiency compounds.

Customer Relationships Matter More During Uncertain Economies

When consumers become more cautious, trust becomes incredibly valuable.

People spend more carefully during uncertain periods.

They research more.
Ask more questions.
Look for reassurance.
And gravitate toward businesses that feel responsive, transparent, and reliable.

That means customer experience becomes a competitive advantage.

The businesses holding up best right now are often the ones:

  • communicating proactively
  • staying visible
  • educating customers
  • responding quickly
  • building loyalty
  • creating confidence

Because when people feel uncertain financially, trust influences purchasing decisions more than ever.

Businesses competing only on price often struggle in environments like this.

Businesses competing on relationships tend to stay stronger.

Cash Flow Matters More Than “Revenue Growth” Headlines

A lot of businesses still look healthy from the outside.

Revenue may even be increasing.

But profitability?
That’s becoming a much harder conversation.

Higher operating costs are quietly squeezing margins across nearly every industry.

And many business owners are discovering that growing revenue doesn’t automatically translate into healthier cash flow.

That’s why disciplined businesses are focusing heavily on:

  • cash reserves
  • debt management
  • tax planning
  • pricing strategy
  • accounts receivable
  • operational efficiency
  • financial forecasting

Because businesses rarely fail from lack of effort.

More often, they fail from cash flow pressure that slowly builds beneath the surface.

The Businesses Staying Calm Right Now Usually Have Better Financial Visibility

One of the biggest competitive advantages a business can have during uncertain economic periods is clarity.

Clear numbers.
Organized bookkeeping.
Reliable reporting.
Consistent forecasting.
Proactive tax planning.

Not guesswork.

The businesses making the best decisions right now are usually the ones with the clearest financial visibility.

Because clarity reduces emotional decision-making.

And emotional decision-making becomes very expensive during uncertain economies.

Final Thought

No business owner can control inflation, interest rates, global instability, or changing consumer sentiment.

But businesses can control how prepared they are.

The companies staying resilient right now are not pretending uncertainty doesn’t exist.

They’re adapting to it.

They’re tightening operations thoughtfully.
Improving efficiency.
Protecting cash flow.
Strengthening customer relationships.
And paying closer attention to their numbers before small problems become expensive emergencies.

Because uncertain economies don’t just expose weak businesses.

They often strengthen disciplined ones, too.

Need Help Improving Financial Visibility or Cash Flow Planning?

Periods of economic uncertainty are often the best time to improve bookkeeping, strengthen cash flow planning, review pricing strategy, and identify opportunities to operate more efficiently. A proactive review of your business finances and tax strategy may help you make more confident decisions in a changing economy.

Filed Under: Blog

A recent Court of Federal Claims decision, Kwong v. United States, may create an opportunity for some taxpayers to file refund or abatement claims for certain penalties, interest, and possibly other amounts affected by the COVID-19 disaster-relief deadline rules under IRC section 7508A(d). 

What This Means for You 

Under the reasoning of the Kwong decision, you may be entitled to a refund or abatement of certain amounts assessed during the COVID period, including: 

  • Penalties assessed for failure to timely file returns, failure to pay taxes, or failure to make estimated tax payments; 
  • Interest that began accruing earlier than it should have, or not at all; and 
  • Overpayment interest for the 2020–2023 disaster period. 

Understanding the Kwong Decision and Its Implications 

In Kwong, the court held that, under the pre-2021 version of section 7508A applicable to the COVID-19 disaster declaration, the mandatory postponement period ran from January 20, 2020, through May 11, 2023. Sixty additional days extended the period to July 10, 2023, for tax purposes. 

Based on that reasoning, some taxpayers may still be able to pursue refund claims that otherwise appeared time-barred, including claims relating to penalties and interest assessed during that period, assuming that refund claim is filed on or before July 10, 2026. 

This area remains unsettled. The government has challenged similar positions, and future litigation could narrow or reject parts of Kwong’s reasoning. Even so, taxpayers who may be affected should consider filing a refund claim or protective claim before applicable limitation periods expire. It may take several years until the issue is finally resolved by the courts. 

What Should You Do? 

If you believe you were subject to substantial IRS penalties and interest during the COVID disaster period, please contact your tax advisors at A+P CPAs. We can help review whether your account may be affected by the Kwong decision and prepare a protective refund claim.

Filed Under: Blog, Tax Changes

Most business owners know their revenue. 

Ask what they did last month? 
They’ll answer instantly. 

But ask them this: 

  • How long could your business survive without new revenue? 
  • What’s your actual margin after delivering your work? 
  • What percentage do you truly keep? 

That’s where the pause happens. 

Because revenue feels like progress. 

But these three numbers? 
They tell you if your business is actually working. 

Why Revenue Alone Gives You a False Sense of Control 

Revenue is exciting. 

It’s also incomplete. 

You can grow revenue and still: 

  • Run out of cash 
  • Shrink your margins 
  • Take home less money 

That’s why smart business owners don’t just track growth— 

They track what sticks. 

And it starts here. 

1. Cash Runway: “How Long Can You Last?” 

Cash runway tells you how many months your business can operate if revenue slows down—or stops. 

It’s your buffer. 

Your leverage. 

Your ability to make decisions without pressure. 

Quick calculation: 
Cash on hand ÷ Monthly expenses = Runway (in months) 

Example: 
$60,000 cash 
$20,000 monthly expenses 
= 3 months of runway 

That’s not a crisis. 

But it’s not a comfort either. 

Why it matters: 
When payments slow (and they will), runway determines whether you: 

  • Stay in control 
  • Or start making reactive decisions 

2. Gross Margin: “Are You Making Money on the Work?” 

Gross margin shows what’s left after delivering your product or service. 

Not after everything—just the direct costs. 

Formula: 
(Revenue – Cost of Goods Sold) ÷ Revenue 

This is where a lot of businesses get surprised. 

Because you can be busy… 
fully booked… 
and still underpriced. 

Watch for: 

  • Margins shrinking as you grow 
  • Costs creeping up quietly 
  • Services that take more time than they’re worth 

If your margin is thin, more sales won’t fix it. 

They’ll just scale the problem. 

3. Net Profit %: “What Do You Actually Keep?” 

This is the number that matters most. 

Net profit percentage shows what’s left after everything: 

  • Expenses 
  • Overhead 
  • Taxes 
  • Operations 

Formula: 
Net Profit ÷ Revenue 

Example: 
$500,000 revenue 
$50,000 profit 
= 10% net profit 

That means for every $1 you earn… 
You keep $0.10. 

For many business owners? 

That number is lower than expected. 

The Pattern Most Businesses Fall Into 

Here’s how it usually plays out: 

Revenue increases. 
Expenses quietly follow. 
Margins tighten. 
Cash gets squeezed. 

But because revenue looks strong… 

Nothing gets addressed. 

Until it has to be. 

What Changes When You Track These Monthly 

You stop guessing. 

You start seeing: 

  • Where money is leaking 
  • When to raise prices 
  • When to cut costs 
  • How much risk you are actually carrying 

And more importantly, you have the right conversations with your advisor before small issues turn into expensive ones. 

Instead of reacting late… 

You adjust early. 

Keep It Simple (That’s the Advantage) 

You don’t need more dashboards. 

You don’t need more reports. 

You need: 

  • Cash runway 
  • Gross margin 
  • Net profit % 

Checked once a month. 

Because the businesses that stay strong aren’t tracking everything— 

They’re tracking what matters. 

Final Thought 

If you’re not watching these numbers, you’re relying on assumptions. 

And assumptions are expensive. 

Clarity doesn’t just help you grow. 

It helps you keep what you earn. 

If you’re not sure where your numbers stand—or want help improving them— 

Contact our firm today to get clarity on your cash flow, margins, and profitability, and start making more confident decisions. 

Filed Under: Tax Changes, Blog

Navigating the complexities of real estate taxation can be daunting, especially when aiming to achieve the status of a Real Estate Professional under IRS guidelines. This designation is coveted among property owners and investors due to its potential to significantly reduce how passive activity losses are taxed. Let’s delve into what it means to be a real estate professional, the qualifications required, and the strategic decisions that can lead to tax efficiency. 

Attaining the status of a real estate professional offers significant tax benefits, particularly regarding the treatment of passive activity losses. Typically, passive losses, such as those from rental real estate, can only offset passive income, limiting the ability to deduct them from other forms of income. However, as a qualified real estate professional, you can potentially convert these losses into active losses, allowing them to offset ordinary income, including wages and business profits. This can result in substantial tax savings, as it enables you to lower your taxable income effectively. Furthermore, this status can enhance tax planning flexibility, allowing for greater strategic management of income and investments. Ultimately, the designation not only aids in optimizing current tax liabilities but also supports long-term financial growth by preserving more capital for reinvestment and personal use. 

Real estate professional status is also beneficial when considering the implications of the Net Investment Income Tax (NIIT), which imposes an additional 3.8% tax on net investment income for individuals earning above certain thresholds. Typically, rental income is classified as passive, making it subject to this surtax. However, real estate professional status can transform this rental income into non-passive income, thereby potentially exempting it from the NIIT. 

This exemption is significant, especially for high-income property owners, as it reduces overall tax liability and preserves more of their rental income. By shielding rental income from the NIIT, real estate professionals can prevent erosion of returns due to this surtax, facilitating enhanced cash flow and greater reinvestment opportunities. Understanding and leveraging this status is, therefore, not only a tactical advantage but a pivotal element in strategic tax planning for property owners. 

Achieving the designation of a real estate professional involves meeting specific IRS criteria, which help determine how your rental activities are taxed: 

Qualifications for Real Estate Professional Status - To be classified as a real estate professional, you need to meet two primary criteria: 

  • Qualification #1 - More than half of the personal services you perform during that year are performed in real property trades or businesses in which you materially participate, AND 
  • Qualification #2 – You perform more than 750 hours of services during that year in real property trades or businesses in which you materially participate. 

Thus, a taxpayer who owns at least one interest in rental real estate and who meets the above tests is a real estate professional. 

Achieving this requires diligent record-keeping to document hours spent on various activities such as property management, tenant relations, maintenance, and development. Let’s examine the tax meanings of these terms. 

Definitions — the following are the definitions of the references included in the two qualifications: 

  • Personal Services - Means any work performed by an individual in connection with a trade or business, but not as an investor. 
  • Real Property Trade or Business - Is any real property development, redevelopment, construction, reconstruction, acquisition, conversion, rental, operation, management, leasing or brokerage trade or business. The determination of a taxpayer’s real property trades or businesses is based on all relevant facts and circumstances. Once a taxpayer determines the real property trades or businesses in which personal services are provided, they can’t redetermine them later unless the original determination was clearly erroneous or there’s been a material change of facts and circumstances 
  • Material Participation - Material participation is determined by assessing the depth and consistency of a taxpayer’s involvement in business operations. According to IRS guidelines, this signifies more than casual or sporadic participation, entailing regular, continuous, and substantial engagement in the real estate activities. The commitment to these activities must be significant enough to meet or exceed several specific IRS tests. These tests help ensure that the taxpayer plays a crucial role in the property’s management and decision-making processes, thereby distinguishing passive investors from those actively engaged in real estate operations. 
     
    o    500-Hour Test: Spend at least 500 hours per year on significant participation activities (SPAs), with each SPA requiring more than 100 hours individually. 
     
    o    Substantially All Participation: Provide substantially all the participation in the activity throughout the tax year. 
     
    o    100-Hour Test: Spend more than 100 hours on the activity, ensuring no other individual spends more hours on it than the taxpayer. 
     
    o    Aggregate Time Participation: Spend more than 500 hours across all significant participation activities, which include activities each undertaken for over 100 hours annually. 
     
    o    Prior Participation: Materially participate in any five of the last ten taxable years or, for those in personal service businesses, participate materially in any three previous tax years. 

Multiple Property Owners - IRS guidelines allow taxpayers to treat multiple rental properties as a single activity for tax purposes. This strategy is particularly beneficial for those aiming to qualify as a real estate professional, as it simplifies meeting the material participation requirements. By aggregating, instead of having to demonstrate involvement separately for each property, you can combine the hours spent across all properties, making it easier to meet the necessary thresholds for real estate professional status. 

However, electing to aggregate comes with certain obligations and consequences. Once you choose to aggregate your rental activities, this decision is binding for all future tax years, meaning you must consistently report these properties as a single activity on subsequent returns. This can streamline tax reporting, but it also removes flexibility; if circumstances change or it becomes advantageous to separate these activities, your ability to do so is limited unless you can justify a change under specific IRS provisions. 

Failing to elect aggregation when it would be beneficial or not adhering to the consistency requirement can lead to missed opportunities for tax savings and possible scrutiny in case of an audit. Therefore, it’s crucial to carefully consider the decision to aggregate, ensuring it aligns with your long-term investment strategy and tax planning goals. Proper documentation and adherence to IRS rules are essential to leverage the advantages of aggregation effectively. 

As you can see, it difficult to qualify and maintain the status as a Real Estate Professional, but if you do qualify the tax benefits can be substantial. Contact this office with questions and for assistance in determining if you qualify. 

Filed Under: Tax Changes, Blog

If your federal tax refund is seriously overdue, it’s normal to feel worried — especially if you were counting on that money for bills or other expenses. Before panic sets in, here’s a clear, practical guide explaining what may be happening, why a new IRS administrative change could be the culprit, and exactly what steps you should take now. 

Quick Checklist — What to Do Right Away: 

  • Check the IRS “Where’s My Refund?” tool at www.irs.gov and your IRS Online Account for status updates. 
  • Look through your mail carefully for an IRS notice called CP53E. If you find it, read it right away. 
  • Confirm the bank routing and account numbers you submitted with your return (if any). One incorrect digit can stop a direct deposit. 
  • If you don’t have an IRS Online Account, consider creating one so you can see notices and respond if needed. 

Why Your Refund May Be Delayed

The IRS has begun an administrative shift to make electronic (direct-deposit) payments the default method for federal refunds. As part of that change the agency will pause some refunds when a return does not include usable bank account details, or the bank information is rejected. In those situations, the IRS mails a new notice, CP53E, and gives taxpayers a short window to supply or correct bank information online. That additional step can create a long, unexpected delay. 

What CP53E is and How it Causes a Delay:

  • CP53E is a mailed notice telling you the IRS could not immediately deposit your refund because the return lacked usable bank details, or the bank information was rejected. 
  • You have 30 days from the notice date to add or update bank account information using your IRS Online Account. The IRS permits only one such online update. 
  • If you don’t respond within 30 days (or if the bank details you enter are incorrect and the deposit is rejected), the IRS will ultimately issue a paper check — but not immediately. The IRS’s internal processing to move from the CP53E path to issuing a paper check can add weeks. The IRS has indicated this additional paper-check processing can take roughly six more weeks after the 30-day window closes. 
  • Those stages — the original processing, the 30-day CP53E response window, and then up to roughly six weeks for a paper check — together can push a refund delay toward three months or more. 

Common Errors and Special Situations: 

  • The IRS has sometimes mailed CP53E in error. For example, to taxpayers who elected to apply an overpayment to 2026’s estimated tax. If you find a CP53E and you did not expect a refund, review the return details and your payment election before acting. 
  • If you entered bank information that had a single wrong digit in the routing or account number, the deposit will fail, and the case moves to the paper-check pathway. 

What You Should Do Now — Step-by-Step: 

  1. Consult the IRS status tools first: 
  • Use “Where’s My Refund?” and your IRS Online Account for the clearest status. If a CP53E was mailed, it may appear in your online notices as well. 
  1. If you receive a CP53E, respond immediately (and accurately). 
  • Only the taxpayer can update bank information through the IRS Online Account login; IRS phone or in-person staff will not accept routing/account numbers. 
  • The system allows only one online update, so double-check routing and account numbers before submitting a change. 
  • If you need help, contact this office for assistance. But remember, a taxpayer must enter the banking information themself. 
  1. If you don’t find a CP53E or it’s already beyond the 30-day response time, prepare to wait for a paper check, and consider a trace if it never arrives. 
  • If the IRS indicates a paper check is being issued but you don’t receive it after several weeks, this office can assist you with next steps, including filing a Form 3911 (Taxpayer Statement Regarding Refund) to start a refund trace when a refund check is lost, stolen, or not received. 
  1. Protect yourself and your information 
  • Do not ever give your bank routing and account numbers to IRS phone agents; the IRS requires the taxpayer to enter that info in their secure online account. Beware of phishing scams that mimic IRS notices. 
  1. Ask about interest — the IRS may owe you some 
  • If the refund is delayed beyond statutory timeframes, the IRS may owe interest on the delayed refund. Ask your preparer to check whether your situation meets the requirements for interest under tax rules. By the way, if the IRS does pay you interest, look for a Form 1099-INT from the service next January; the interest will be taxable on the return for the year you receive the interest. 

If a CP53E Was Sent in Error: 

  • Don’t ignore it until you confirm the facts. Some taxpayers who had elected to apply overpayments to 2026 have received a CP53E incorrectly. If the notice truly was sent in error, you may not need to take any action.   

When to Get More Help: 

  • If you’ve followed all the steps (checked online tools, responded accurately to the CP53E if applicable, and waited the required time for a paper check) and still have not received your refund, contact this office or use IRS contact channels to start a trace. This office can help you complete Form 3911 if needed. 

Final Thoughts

A late refund is stressful, but new administrative procedures at the IRS — especially the move to default to electronic payments and the CP53E notice with its 30-day correction window — help explain why some refunds are taking much longer than expected. If in doubt, contact this office for help reviewing what was submitted and for assistance in starting a refund trace if needed.  

Filed Under: Tax Changes, Blog

There’s a lot of noise around AI right now. 

Some of it is about job loss. Some of it is about disruption. Most of it is not particularly helpful when you are trying to run a business day-to-day. 

The real question is more practical. 

Can this help you operate more efficiently, reduce operating costs, and grow without increasing overhead at the same pace? 

Because for most small business owners, that is the real constraint. 

The Real Metric That Matters: Revenue Per Employee 

Hiring has always been the default answer to growth. 

More work comes in. You add people to handle it. 

But hiring is not just about salary. It is payroll taxes, benefits, training time, management overhead, and the natural inefficiencies that come with scaling a team. 

One of the simplest ways to think about AI is this: 

Can it help increase your revenue per employee? 

If your current team can handle more output without a proportional increase in cost, your margins improve. Your business becomes more resilient. And your ability to scale changes. 

To put that into perspective, consider a simple example. 

If a $60,000 employee is spending 10 hours per week on administrative work, that is roughly $15,000 per year in time that is not directly generating revenue. If even part of that time can be reduced through better systems or AI-supported workflows, that creates a meaningful shift in your cost structure without adding headcount. 

That is where the real opportunity starts to show up. 

Scaling Without the Slog 

Most businesses do not struggle because of a lack of demand. 

They struggle because the owner becomes the bottleneck. 

Decisions flow through you. Processes live in your head. Follow-ups, approvals, and communication depend on your time. 

Growth starts to feel heavier instead of easier. 

This is where AI can play a meaningful role. 

When routine communication, follow-ups, documentation, and internal processes are supported by systems, you begin to “systemize the soul” of the business. What used to depend on you becomes repeatable and scalable. 

That shift allows you to spend more time on strategy, higher-value client work, and growth decisions. 

Where Businesses Are Seeing the First Gains 

The biggest gains are not coming from replacing entire roles. They are coming from improving how work gets done. 

In customer service, businesses are using AI-assisted responses and knowledge bases to handle common questions quickly and consistently, improving response times without increasing labor. 

In operations, summarizing documents, organizing information, and standardizing workflows are reducing administrative time and allowing teams to move faster. 

In marketing and sales, drafting content, qualifying leads, and maintaining consistent communication are helping businesses stay visible and generate more opportunities without adding staff. 

In finance, emerging tools are helping identify trends and improve forecasting, giving business owners better visibility into cash flow and planning. 

Individually, these may seem like small improvements. Together, they can significantly improve efficiency and reduce operating friction. 

The Cost of Inaction Is Real 

AI is not just a tool you may or may not adopt. It is something your competitors are already testing and implementing. 

Over time, businesses that adopt these tools tend to lower their cost per transaction and improve response times. Those advantages may seem small at first, but they compound, especially in competitive markets. 

They may be able to operate with lower overhead. 

They may respond faster to customers. 

They may maintain more consistent communication. 

This is not about reacting out of fear. 

It is about recognizing that efficiency is becoming a competitive advantage. 

Where AI Can Go Wrong 

At the same time, not every use of AI creates value. 

The most common issues include over-automation, lack of review, and using too many disconnected tools without a clear process. 

In those cases, businesses often spend more time fixing outputs than they save. 

The goal is not to automate everything. 

It is to apply automation where it supports the existing structure and improves how work flows. 

A Practical Way to Decide Where to Start 

Before investing in new tools, it helps to take a step back and evaluate how your business currently operates. 

Where is time being spent repeatedly? 

Where are delays happening? 

Where does work depend too heavily on one person? 

A simple place to start is to identify one recurring task that takes time every week, such as client follow-up, document organization, or internal reporting, and test whether it can be streamlined before expanding further. 

If improving that area allows your business to grow without adding headcount, it is likely the right place to focus. 

What This Means for Your Financials 

These improvements are not just operational. They show up directly in your numbers. 

Increased efficiency can improve gross margins, reduce operating expenses as a percentage of revenue, and increase overall profitability without requiring additional hiring. 

Over time, that creates a more scalable and more valuable business. 

This Is Not About Replacing People 

For most small businesses, AI is not a workforce reduction strategy. 

It is an efficiency strategy. 

The goal is to allow your existing team to operate at a higher level, focus on more valuable work, and support growth without constantly increasing costs. 

Before You Add Another Expense 

Before hiring or investing in multiple new tools, it can be helpful to step back and evaluate your current cost structure. 

Some problems are solved with people. Others are solved with better systems. 

The difference matters. 

If you are thinking about how to improve efficiency, reduce operating costs, or scale your business more effectively, it may be worth stepping back and evaluating where automation could have the greatest impact. 

Let’s look at your current overhead together and identify where the right systems can protect your margins and support growth.

Filed Under: Blog, Tax Changes

For a period of time, IRS activity felt quieter. 

Response times were longer. Enforcement felt less visible. Fewer taxpayers were hearing from the IRS directly. 

Many people got used to that environment. 

Now things are shifting. 

Not all at once, but steadily. More notices are being issued. More requests for clarification are being sent. More follow-ups are happening on items that may not have been reviewed as closely in prior years. 

This is not a sudden change in direction. It is a return to a more active and better-equipped IRS. 

What’s Actually Changed 

Over the past several years, the IRS has been rebuilding its infrastructure. 

After a long period of limited staffing and outdated systems, the agency has been investing in technology, hiring, and enforcement capabilities as part of its long-term strategy. 

That investment is now beginning to show up in real ways. 

In its most recent reporting, the IRS noted that it collected over $98 billion in enforcement revenue in a single fiscal year, reflecting a renewed focus on compliance and collection efforts. 

At the same time, the agency is expanding its use of data analytics to identify discrepancies more efficiently. 

Rather than relying heavily on random audits, enforcement is becoming more targeted and systematic. 

A New Layer: How the IRS Is Using Data to Select Cases 

One of the biggest changes is not just increased activity. It is how cases are being selected. 

Recent reporting has highlighted that the IRS is testing more advanced data tools designed to identify what it calls “higher-value” audit and enforcement cases. These systems are built to connect information across multiple data sources and surface patterns that may not have been visible before. 

In practical terms, this means the process is becoming more precise. 

Instead of relying primarily on broad scoring systems or random selection, the IRS is increasingly able to analyze relationships between filings, supporting documents, and historical patterns to identify where discrepancies are more likely. 

This does not mean more people are being audited at random. 

It means the IRS is getting better at identifying which returns to look at more closely. 

Why This Matters for Business Owners 

This shift changes the nature of risk. 

In the past, many taxpayers thought in terms of probability. What are the chances of being audited? 

Now the question is different. 

Does your return stand out based on the data available? 

Areas that involve more complexity or interpretation, such as business deductions, credits, or multi-entity structures, are more likely to be evaluated through this lens. 

This is especially relevant for areas where the IRS has already indicated increased focus, including certain credits, business filings, and transactions that require detailed supporting documentation. 

Why More Taxpayers Are Receiving Notices 

Most taxpayers are not being audited. 

In fact, audit rates for the majority of individual taxpayers remain relatively low, generally below 1%. 

However, more taxpayers are receiving notices, and that is where this shift becomes visible. 

In many cases, these notices are triggered by specific, identifiable issues. 

One of the biggest drivers is improved data matching. The IRS now compares tax returns against a broader set of third-party information, including W-2s, 1099s, brokerage reporting, and payment platform data. 

When there is a mismatch, it is more likely to generate a notice. 

There is also a continued focus on areas where reporting errors are more common, including business income, deductions, pass-through entities, and digital transactions. 

In addition, modern systems allow the IRS to identify patterns that fall outside expected ranges. Returns that appear inconsistent based on income, deductions, or historical reporting are more likely to be reviewed. 

Collection activity is also becoming more active again, particularly for unresolved balances and prior-year issues. 

The Most Common Triggers Right Now 

Most IRS notices are not random. They are tied to specific issues that can usually be identified with a closer look. 

Some of the most common triggers include income that does not match reported forms, deductions that appear large relative to income, business losses that fluctuate significantly year to year, and misclassification of workers or expenses. 

Unreported side income and digital payments have also become more visible due to expanded reporting requirements. 

These are not new issues. What has changed is how quickly they are identified and acted on. 

The Shift: From Broad to Targeted Enforcement 

In the past, enforcement was often slower and more generalized. 

Today, it is more precise. 

The IRS is using data to focus on returns that are more likely to contain discrepancies, rather than applying a broad, random approach. This results in fewer random audits, but more targeted reviews. 

For taxpayers and business owners, this changes the dynamic. 

It is less about the overall likelihood of being selected and more about whether your return raises questions based on the data available. 

What This Means for You 

For most taxpayers, this is not a reason to be concerned. It is a reason to be prepared. 

Accurate reporting, consistent documentation, and well-supported deductions are more important than ever. Items that may have gone unnoticed in the past are more likely to be reviewed. 

That does not mean something is wrong. It simply means the margin for inconsistency is smaller. 

If You Receive a Notice 

The most important step is not to ignore it and not to respond too quickly without fully understanding what is being requested. 

Many IRS notices are routine, but responding incorrectly or without proper documentation can create unnecessary complications. 

Before taking any action, it is important to review the notice carefully and determine the best way to respond based on your specific situation. 

Before You Take the Next Step 

Receiving an IRS notice can feel urgent. It is easy to assume the worst or to react quickly just to resolve it. 

In many cases, the better approach is to step back, evaluate the situation, and respond with a clear plan. 

Whether the issue is a simple mismatch or something more complex, the way it is handled can affect the outcome. 

If you have received a notice or want to make sure your filings are accurate and well-documented moving forward, our team can help you understand what is happening and guide you through the next steps. 

Filed Under: Tax Changes, Blog

If you pay substantial state and local taxes (SALT) and feel the pain of the federal cap on SALT deductions, you may find relief if you are eligible to use the pass-through entity elective tax (PTET), a planning tool to overcome the limit on deducting state and local taxes as an itemized deduction on your tax return. Several states let certain partnerships, S corporations, and similar pass-through entities elect to pay state tax at the entity level so owners can claim a federal business deduction for those state taxes and bypass the SALT limitation. 

This article explains how PTET works, using California as an example. Other states follow a similar concept, but tax rates, deadlines, and other issues may vary. Learn when this SALT workaround might help you, what to watch for, and practical steps to evaluate it for your situation. 

OBBBA’s Increased SALT Limits 

Even though the One Big Beautiful Bill Act temporarily increased the SALT limits, the PTET workaround still makes sense for many taxpayers. The 2025 OBBBA legislation raised the federal SALT deduction ceiling for years 2025 through 2029, and without any extending legislation, the cap reverts back to $10,000 in 2030. 

In addition, the limit is reduced, phased down to $10,000, for high income taxpayers by 30% of their modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) that exceeds the threshold for the specific year. The following table shows the maximum SALT deduction and high-income phasedown for each tax year. 

SALT DEDUCTION 

Year SALT Deduction Cap High Income Phasedown Threshold MAGI Fully Phased Down to $10,000 
2025 $40,000 $500,000 $600,000 
2026 $40,400 $505,000 $606,333 
2027 $40,804 $510,050 $612,730 
2028 $41,212 $515,150 $619,190 
2029 $41,624 $520,302 $625,719 
2030 and Subsequent Years $10,000 Not Applicable Not Applicable 

The increased deduction amounts do not eliminate the situations where PTET is beneficial: 

  • Taxpayers with SALT above $40,000 may still prefer PTET because shifting state tax to the entity can convert individual, limited itemized deductions into an entity deduction that fully reduces federal taxable income.  
  • Even taxpayers below the $40,000 ceiling can benefit from PTET if the entity deduction interacts favorably with other items (for example, reducing pass-through income that otherwise triggers higher federal marginal rates, phaseouts, or net investment income tax exposure).  
  • PTET remains especially attractive where owners own multiple entities or where state tax credits and carryover rules make the economics favorable.  

How PTET Works (The Basic Concept) 

  • The Election: Each year, the pass-through business (S-Corp, Partnership, or certain LLCs) decides if it wants to “opt-in” to this special tax. This must be done on a timely filed original tax return and is irrevocable for that year. Not all partners or shareholders of the business need to opt in for the other owners to participate.  
  • The Tax Rate: The business pays a tax on its “qualified net income”—basically, the share of profit belonging to the owners who agree to participate. In CA that tax is a flat 9.3%.  
  • The Federal Benefit: Because the business pays this tax, it counts as a business expense. This reduces the amount of profit reported on the participating owner’s federal K-1, effectively letting the participating partner or shareholder deduct the full state tax amount from their federal income.  
  • The State Benefit: On the individual’s personal tax return, they get a nonrefundable credit equal to the tax the business already paid on their behalf. In California, if the credit is more than what the individual owes, the leftover amount can carry forward for up to 5 years.  

Eligible Pass-through Entities 

Eligible entities typically include S corporations, partnerships, and LLCs taxed as partnerships or S corps. Each state’s rules vary, but these entity types are the norm. 

Ineligible situations generally include sole proprietorships, publicly traded partnerships, and certain ownership structures (check your state’s rules if an owner is itself a partnership or similar complex owner). 

Not all pass-through entity owners have to opt in. An owner must consent to participate to receive the credit, but a subset of consenting owners can still allow the entity to make the election for those participants. 

How PTET Stacks Up Given Recent Federal SALT Law Changes 

  • As mentioned previously the 2025 OBBBA legislation temporarily raises the federal SALT deduction cap for 2025–2029. Even with higher temporary caps, PTET can still be beneficial:  
  • Taxpayers with SALT well above the temporary caps may still prefer PTET to convert the state tax burden into an entity deduction that fully reduces federal taxable income.  
  • Even taxpayers below the temporary caps can benefit if the entity deduction interacts favorably with other tax items — for example, reducing pass-through income that would otherwise push the taxpayer into a higher tax bracket, cause phaseouts, or trigger net investment income tax or other surtaxes.  
  • Owners of multiple entities, or those who benefit from state-specific credits and carryover rules, may find PTET especially attractive.  

Bottom line, model both scenarios — itemizing with the applicable SALT cap vs. PTET to determine the better result for your specific facts. 

Final Thoughts and Recommendations 

PTET is a powerful tool for many taxpayers facing SALT limits, but it’s not a one-size-fits-all solution. The temporary federal increases to the SALT cap through 2029 change the math for some taxpayers, so current-year modeling is essential. 

Contact our office if you want a basic model comparing PTET versus itemizing for your numbers. 

Filed Under: Blog, Tax Changes

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The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for statistical purposes. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes. Without a subpoena, voluntary compliance on the part of your Internet Service Provider, or additional records from a third party, information stored or retrieved for this purpose alone cannot usually be used to identify you.
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The technical storage or access is required to create user profiles to send advertising, or to track the user on a website or across several websites for similar marketing purposes.
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